Per the Oxford English Dictionary, here’s some ways—with their dates—the word culture has been used in the past:
1483 Whan they departe fro the culture and honour of theyr god. (Worship; reverential homage.)
1450 In places there thou wilt have the culture. ( The action or practice of cultivating the soil; tillage.)
1475 Which is diched bitwene the crofte called herbelot and the culture called the hamehore. (A piece of tilled land; a cultivated field.)
1510 To the culture & proffit of their myndis [L. animi cultum]. (The cultivation or development of the mind, faculties, manners, etc.; improvement by education and training.)
1538 The erth..by..dylygent labur..ys brought to marvelous culture & fortylite. (Cultivated condition.)
1580 The wilde Uyne differeth in nothinge from the Gardein vyne, but onely in Cultures. (The cultivating or rearing of a plant or crop.)
1628 Amongst whom sc. the Lacedaemonians..especially in the culture of their bodies, the nobility observed the most equality with the commons. (The training and improvement of the human body.)
1677 We may observe it growing with Age, waxing bigger and stronger together with the encrease of wit and knowledge, of civil culture and experience. (Refinement of mind, taste, and manners; artistic and intellectual development. Hence: the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.)
1687 Not he whose rich and fertile mind Is by the Culture of the Arts refin’d. (The devoting of attention to or the study of a subject or pursuit.)
1744 The care and culture of Bees have always been one of the most agreeable and useful employments of country life. (The rearing or raising of certain animals, such as fish, oysters, bees, etc., or the production of natural animal products such as silk.)
1860 This Egyptian or Chamitic civilization..preceded by many centuries the Shemitic or Aryan cultures. (Refinement of mind, taste, and manners; artistic and intellectual development. Hence: the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.)
1880 Cohn, in order..to get rid of the moulds,..employed the following culture-fluid [Fr. liquide nourricier]. (The artificial propagation and growing of microorganisms, or of plant and animal cells, tissues, etc., in liquid or solid nutrient media in vitro.)
1880 The cultures of the parasite [Fr. les cultures du parasite] are necessarily made in contact with the air, for our virus is an aerobe being, whose development is not possible without it. (The product of such culture; a growth or crop of artificially maintained microorganisms, cells.)
1912 Truly she comes from the very core of corset culture, Austria; but really, when she speaks of 7 and 8-inch waists, one needs must in politeness suspect a printer’s error. (With modifying noun: a way of life or social environment characterized by or associated with the specified quality or thing; a group of people subscribing or belonging to this.)
1940 We may use the term prisonization to indicate the taking on in greater or less degree of the folk ways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary. (The philosophy, practices, and attitudes of an institution, business, or other organization.)
I find it reassuring that the word culture as it is commonly used in the social or business sense is a relatively new word, first appearing in the 1860 and 1940 respectively, although for me, my favorite usage was in 1744: The care and culture of Bees have always been one of the most agreeable and useful employments of country life.